Educational policy, policy appropriation and Grameen Bank higher education financial aid policy process

The paper talks about higher educational polices and their process of policy appropriations, policy as practices, policy as symbolic, policy as rituals, policy as myths, policy backward- mapping and policy-forward mapping, multi-stage policy implementation process, street-bureaucrats planners, and policy reform process. It critically looks at pros-and-corns of different educational policy theories and their applications in education, and the higher education student financial aid different policies, strategies and products and their impact on the college students. The paper also narrates the higher educational policies and methods of need-based, merit-based, means-test-based grants allocation and loan disbursement and their impact on student academic achievements. Moreover, it discusses the policy process model that has both agendas and multiple streams that consider looking at policy designing problems, solutions of the problems and their usefulness to SES students. Additionally, the paper narrates the Grameen Bank higher education student loan policy making process, although there is no higher education student financial aid services are not exist in Bangladesh. Literature reviews, conversations with higher education students, contextual analysis, and the author personal working experience incorporate here. The study finds for policy improvement, policy analysis is vital because policy analysis can explores usefulness of the policy for public well being and for effectiveness of the policy appropriation.Center for Social Economy Learning and Workplace, University of Toronto. -- York Center for Asia Research, York University. -- Indiana University Bloomington

Study findings of the Grameen Bank higher education student loan services in Bangladesh

A survey conducted on the Grameen Bank higher education student loan services in Bangladesh in 2015-2016. The survey sample size is only 61, and the paper narrates the survey findings. The purpose of the survey is to know the GB higher education student loan portfolios, the status of the student loan repayment rate, and the role of the student loan users in community development in Bangladesh. The study finds the student loan program of GB is accessible and useful to the children of GB borrowers for their higher education study in Bangladesh. The student loan receiving children of borrowers of GB is ornamental to engage in different community organizations and civic activity participation in their neighborhoods. However, GB needs to massively expand this program and improve its higher education student loan collection and monitoring strategies in Bangladesh.Center for Social Economy Learning and Workplace, University of Toronto York Center for Asia Research, York University Indiana University Bloomingto

Grameen Bank higher education student loan policies and strategies in Bangladesh

Grameen Bank disburses the higher education student loans and scholarships to its borrowers’ children. The GB higher education student loan can receive by a borrower for all of his children who are studying higher education in Bangladesh. Grameen Bank scholarships are awarding to Primary, Middle, High School, and Grade-12 college students in Bangladesh who have outstanding results (GPA 5.0) in their Grade-5, Grade-8, Secondary School Certificate (Grade-10) and Higher School Certificate exam (Grade 12). Grameen Shikka (Education), a sister organization of GB, also offering scholarships to the children of the borrowers of GB. More than 55,000 children are receiving awards from Grameen Bank and Grameen Shilkka in Bangladesh every year. The student loan receiving borrowers start their student loan repayment after one month of their last student loan receiving installment. The service charge 5% of the student loan starts from the day when the students finish their studies. A GB borrower can receive this GB higher education student loan only for his biological children, not for adopted children. The loan receiving borrower and his children must have a Bangladeshi citizenship nationality certificate. Recently, GB squeezes its operation even though the higher education student loan program has a huge demand in Bangladesh.Center for Social Economy Learning and Workplace, University of Toronto. -- York Center for Asia Research, York University. -- Indiana University Bloomington

Citizenship Learning, Participatory Democracy and Micro-Financing: The Case of Grameen Bank’s Peer-Lending System in Bangladesh.

This paper is about how Grameen Bank (GB) women borrowers engage in participatory democracy through attendance and discussion at their weekly centre meetings, proposing and approving loans, forming groups, selecting group chairs, and centre chiefs of Grameen Bank. Its collateral free group based micro-financing constitutes a fundamental process of democracy and is a vital source of citizenship and democratic education. These processes and skills facilitate power-sharing and improve one’s sense of political efficacy, democratic engagement and increase an individual’s sense of commonality. Moreover, the Grameen Bank Sixteen Decisions’ campaigns provide citizenship learning to rural marginalized people. GB these activities generate women’s leadership development opportunities in the community

Community Capacity Building for Eliminating the Individualistic Norms and Values in a Society Polarized by a Socio-Economic Divide

Capitalism consumerism industrialization globalization and corporations promote individualism sexism classism racism privatization competition urbanization and socio-economic division between rich and poor increasing social polarization inequality injustice and discrimination in society and thereby diminishing its human face They are not promoting environmentalism a Cinderella economy and people-centered green economics beneficial for the majority of people The socio-economic divide polarizing society is reinforced by anti-community and non-communal nonaltruistic values and norms In contrast community organizing community capacity-building community planning and social networking excel in building a sense of community belonging and caring and nurture the desire to support each other in cooperative exchange social capital resulting in a more altruistic local and sustainable economy the community development approach addresses The issues of unemployment poverty and gender discrimination in society The objectives of the paper are to explore the contributions of community development and to familiarize readers with various successful community initiatives as opposed to individualism in different communities in Canada and in Bangladesh The paper explores why community development work is essential in society as well as some means and strategies for developing altruistic communal values and norms in the community The paper contains the author s own academic scholarship experiences working with the community agencies Noble Institute for Environmental Peace NIEP Ahamodhya Muslim Society MCC in Canada and Grameen Bank GB Grameen Motsho Pashusampad Foundation GMPF in Bangladesh The paper also contains literary reviews on community organizing and community development Community development is a living process that strives to create communal identity and change the dominating power structure of the society Communal values can

Peasants Socio-Economic Scenarios and Technology use Dynamics in Bangladesh

Capitalistic profit motive economy forced traditional agriculture move toward commercialization of agriculture in Bangladesh However Bangladeshi traditional peasants are suffering from getting their crop duly prices in commercialized market relations These peasants are unable to fulfill their basic needs hence they cannot cross the poverty line The objectives of the paper are 1 to acquaint readers with the issues and conditions of life that Bangladeshi peasants are facing from crop marketing and to environmental degradation in Bangladesh and 2 to understand the causes and consequences of peasants poverty This paper is written by the authors from their own experience The paper uses secondary data from different studies conducted in Bangladesh Peasants social organizations traditional cultures cultivation technologies and peasant economics agro economics are changing and moving toward mechanized capital intensive agriculture that creates inequality and injustice in the society among poor peasants by rich peasants in Bangladesh Peasant joint family structure is changing to single family Peasant festivals customs and cultures are decayin

Renewable Energy Context, Scope, Application and Green Business in Bangladesh

Energy is inevitable for development and its demand is increasing day by day Energy is essential and important for human life However energy from fossil fuel coals diesel kerosene wood etc generates carbon carbon dioxide emissions green house emissions that pollute air and destroy environment resulted global warming that s harmful to living beings and nature Hence energy scientists are looking for alternative energy resources uses that are environmentally friendly and good for human being They are provoking for renewable energy solar radiation energy bio gas energy wind energy water wave energy CNG energy and hydropower energy use because PV technologies produce very small amount of CO2 compared to the emissions from conventional existing fossil fuel energy technologies Therefore renewable energy RE uses is less harmful to living beings and environment air water and land This paper talks about fossil fuel energy and renewable energy use and their consequence and impact respectively in the nature and society In the paper the author incorporates his working experience with Grameen Shakti GS and the collected data from different RE implementing organizations in Bangladesh during his visit to Bangladesh in 2014-2015 The paper identifies different RE resources and different RE projects undertaken in the world particularly Bangladesh The study explores RE resource utilization different business models programs and their benefits in Bangladesh The study finds Bangladesh has developed a Government managed private apex organization named IDCOL Infrastructure Development Company which is involved in coordinating counselling and financing to the RE implementing agencies in Bangladesh The study discovers Grameen Shakti a sister organization of Grameen Bank is the largest RE implementing organization not only in Bangladesh but also in the world GS has developed a micro-utility RE financial model that has disseminated to the IDCOL

Revenue-Generating Social and Economic Mission-Entwined Praxis of Organizations

Researchers academicians social scientists policy makers executives and state leaders realize that classical economics profit-maximizing corporations and traditional businesses are unwilling or unable to altruistically strive for public wellbeing in fulfilling the needs of society Profitmaximizing capitalism destroys humanity and the harmony of society Corporations are harmful to the environment it has created poverty unemployment malnutrition inequality injustice and abnormality in the community Hence many economists policy makers executives academicians and state leaders comprehend that business policies should be adapted to enhance public wellbeing They think that the sociology of economics and of business as well as political economy are missing in profit-maximizing business capitalism Therefore many thinkers believe it is necessary to include social objectives alongside profit-maximization to establish more altruistic businesses with practices that promote rather than hinder public wellbein

Canadian higher education student financial aid policies, products and services in Canada

Although Canada is a welfare state and it has need-based priority student financial aid support policies in Canada; however, its higher education financial aid service is not universal. Rather its higher education support services have neoliberal policy matrix (public grants and private loan) financial aid services began to take root in most Canadian provinces. Although since 1964, the Canadian financial aid program has provided over $51 billion in Canada Student Loans to more than 5 million Canadians to help them finance their education and equip them to achieve their career aspirations. However, higher education tuition fees and student debt levels are increasing every year. Class sizes and the proportion of part-time contract lecturer positions are increased. The average undergraduate tuition fees are$2,243 in 1990-91, but tuition fees increased to $7,086 in 2018-19. Moreover, Statistics Canada (2015) identifies tuition fees for most graduate programs in Ontario have seen a similar 300$8,971 on average, even professional program fees have undergone a much more dramatic increase. Further, after 2016 the tuition costs grew the fastest in Ontario (+402%). Canadian Government higher education student funding accounted for the majority of operating revenue for Canada’s university institutions, accounting for 83.2% in 1978, leaving students to pay approximately 15%. However, at the University of Toronto, the government grants and the institutional grants cover only 53% of the tuitions and fees of the students. Hence the average Canadian student debt is $27,000, up from$8,000 in 1990. Moreover, many students will spend half of their working lives paying back their student debts. The Ontario Student Assistance Program (OSAP) student debt the publicly-assisted colleges’ students are 9.1% and private career colleges are 14.5%; overall 2017 OSAP default rates for Ontario postsecondary institutions is 6.7%. The paper has many secondary data. The author talks with many students, read many articles, books, reports, and newspapers to get the full scenario of the Canada student financial aid policies, programs and products. The study finds although Canada has the need-based higher education student financial aid policies; however, many brilliant students from the low-income group do not have a university education. The study identifies many issues responsible for many students’ inaccessible to college education and increase of student debt. One of the main reason is many college financial aid officers do not elaborately explain student higher education financial aid government policies, programs, and products to the prospective higher education students. Although, the Government of Canada changes many of its higher education financial assistance policies, programs, and products; however, the ratios of the grants: loans are still questionable to many students, researchers, and laymen. Therefore, the federal, provincial and institutional grants need of the increased so that grants portion can be higher than 80% than the loan portion.York Centre for Asian Research (YCAR), York Universit